| SHUKNIKI Kichwashimi wiñaykawsay |
ISHKAYNIKI Shimi uyarik kancha |
KIMSANIKI Shimikancha |
||
| CHUSKUNIKI Shimikukancha |
kawsaypura | PICHKANIKI YuyayAwariy |
Ishkayniki
Tantachiyachay
2.1 Uyariykancha
Ñukanchik kichwa shimipash, tukuy shimikuna shinami kan. Rimankapak, killkankapakpash uyaywa uyantinkunatami charin. Kutin, uyaywakuna uyantinwan awarishpa shimiki tukun, shinallatak, kaykuna awarishpaka shimimi tukun, kutin shimikuna awarishpaka yuyaykunami llukshin.
Shina:
• Uyaywakuna: a, i, u.
• Uyantinkuna: p, t, ch, k, …
• Shimiki: pa, ta, pi, ku, ...
• Shimi: payta, tayta, kipu, ...
• Yuyaykuna: Ñukapa kuyashka warmika wasipimi kawsan.
Chaymantaka “a, ch, i, h, k, l, ll, m, n, ñ, p, r, s, sh, t, u, w, y” killkakunami kan, shinaka 18 killkawanmi “KICHWA LLIKA” tukun, kayka uyaywakuna, uyantinkunapimi rakirin.
2.1.1 Uyaywakuna
Uyaywakunaka, kikinllatakmi chikan chikan uyarita shutitapash charin, shinaka “a, i, u” uyaywakunami kan.
u- uyaywaka shimi paskashka, (i, u) uyaywakunaka shimi ashalla wichkashkapimi uyarin.
Shina:
Kimsamanyachipi uyaywa uyariy
a uyaywata rimakpika shimimi ashtawan paskarin.
i uyaywata rimakpika shimimi wichkarin.
u uyaywata rimakpika shimi wirpami ñawpakman chutarin.
2.1.2 Uyantinkuna
Kay Alfabeto Latino killkakunaka Europa shinallatak América suyu llaktakunapak shimi rimaytami killkanapi yanapan, shinaka tukuy allpapachapika 66 shimikunami kay killkakunawan killkarin. Kayta rikushpaka ninchikmi kichwa shimika Albabeto Latino killkawanllatakmi killkarin, kikin killkakunataka mana charinchu.
Kichwapa uyantikunaka mana achiklla uyaritachu charin, alli uyarinkapakka uyaywakunatami mutsurin. Chaymantami “uyantin” ninchik. Chaymantami “uyantin” ninchik. Chaykunaka “ch, h, k, l, ll, m, n, ñ, p, r, s, sh, t, w, y” uyantinkunami kan.
Kichwa rimakkunaka ayllullaktapi, markapi, mamallaktapi, suyupipash sapan sapantami rimanchik, chaymantami llaktarimaywan riksinchik, chaytaka mana pipash kashnami rimana kanki ninkachu. Shinami rimanchik:
Ñukanchik kichwa runakunaka sapan sapan llaktakunapi, markakunapi, mamallaktakunapipash kawsanchik; shina kashkamantaka, kichwa shimitaka shuktak shuktak uyariykunawanpash rimanchikllami, kayshina rimaykunataka llaktarimay nishpa riksinchik.
2.1.3 Uyarikanchata rikuchik millka
Sapan sapan mashikuna imashina rimashpapash, killkaypika shukshinallami killkana kanchik.
| Uyarikkuna imashina llukshin | Takari kuska | Mayta uyarin | imashina uyarin |
| ch, uyantinka kakapi samay takarishpami uyarin | shimika | shimiha | mana tukyashpa llukshin |
| h, uyantinka tunkuri samay llukshishpa hawakakapi takarishpa pakllaman llukshin uyantinmi kan. | apihalla | shimita | pukushpa llukshik |
| k, uyantinka tunkuri kakapi samay waktarishpami uyarin | apillaha | shimita | tukyak |
| l, uyantika hawa mimispi hawanikpi kalluwawn chukchurikpi uyarin | mimis | shimita | kalluwan takarishpa |
| ll, uyantika hawa mimispi hawanikpi kalluwan chukchurikpi uyarin | shinchiha | shimita | pukushpa llukshik |
| m, uyantinka shimi wirpapi samay takarishpami uyarin. | wirpa | sinkata | tukyak |
| n, uyantinka shimikakapi kallu takarishpa uyarin. | Mimis | sinkata | sinkimanta |
| ñ, uyantinka kallu shimiha llutarishpami uyarin | shimiha | sinkata | sinkamanta shimimanta |
| p, uyantinka wirpapura takarishpami uyarin | wirpa | shimita | tukyak |
| r, uyantinka mimispi kallu takarikpimi uyarin | mimis | shimita | kalliran tarishpa |
| s, uyantinka mimispi kallu takarishpami uyarin | mimis | shimita | pukushpa llukshik |
| sh, uyantika chawpi kalluta wayra llukshishpami uyarin | sinchiha | shimita | pukushpa llukshin |
| t, uyantika mimispi kallu takarishpami uyarin | shimiha | shimita | takyak |
| w, uyantinka wirpapura sipurikpimi uyarin | wirpa | shimita | pukushpa llukshik |
| y, uyantika apillahapi kallu kuchuyakpimi llukshishpa uyarin | apillaha | shimita | pukushpa llukshik |
| Uyariy | Rimay killka | Killkay |
| /a/ | <a> | ama ima imatak kanpak |
| /i/ | <i> | maki, ima mishki mishki |
| /u/ | <u> | muku turu ñuka |
| /t/ | <ch> | chawar machka kancha |
| /x/ | <h> | hatun hatun kari hatun chala |
| /k/ | <k> | kuri kari kuru panka |
| /l/ | <l> | linchi lulun |
| /ll/ | <ll> | lluchu llaki kullki millma alli llampu llawsa |
| /m/ | <m> | mama millma millma kamcha |
| /n/ | <n> | napay yanata |
| /ñ/ | <ñ> | ñaña ñan ñitina ñutku |
| /p/ | <p> | papa panka humpi |
| /r/ | <r> | runtu urku runa |
| /s/ | >s> | suni misi sani |
| /S/ | <sh> | shamuy shina shimi mashna |
| /t/ | <t> | turi tiyu tanta |
| /y/ | <y> | payta yaya pay |
| /w/ | <w> | waka wira wiki |
2.2 Shimikiyachay
Shimikika, shimipi shuk uchilla uyariymi ashtawan sinchita uyarin, shinaka uyaywa, tikray, paskashka, harkashka shimikikunami tiyan:
| Shimiki watari | Uyari Shuti | Kutukuna | Shimiki |
| Uyaywa Tikray Paskashka Harkashka |
Uyaywa Uyaywa + uyantin Uyantin + uyaywa Uyantin + uyaywa + uyantin |
Uw uw + ut ut + uw ut + uw + ut |
U -ma in -ti ma -ki kam -cha |
2.2.1 Uyaywa shimiki
Kay shimikipika shuklla uyaywami shimiki tukun.
Shina:
| Shimi | uw |
| amuk añanku ama iki illapa ichu uma uturuntu uki uku |
a- muk a- ñanku a- ma i- ki i- illapa i- chu u- ma u- chat tu u- ki u- ku |
2.2.2 Tikray shimiki
Kay shimikika shuk uyaywa shuk uyantinwanmi (uw+ut) awarishka kan, shinaka, kay shimikikunaka shimi kallaripillami rikurin.
Shina:
| Shimi | uw - ut- |
| inti iskun ismu antawa armay aswa urpi untu utku |
in- ti is- kun is- mu an- tawa ar- may as- wa ur- pi un- tu ut- ku |
2.2.3 Paskashka shimiki
Kay shimikika shuk uyantin shuk uyaywawanmi (ut+uw) awarishka kan.
Shina:
| Shimi | Ut - uw- |
| yaku maki shuyu lumu taruka muchiku churana pachamama |
ya- ku ma- ki shu- yu lu- mu ta- ruka mu- chiku chu- rana pa- chamama |
Kay shimikikunaka, shimi kallariypi, chawpipi, puchukaypipash rikurinllami.
2.2.4 Harkashka shimiki
Kay shimikika shuk uyantin, chawpipi shuk uyaywa, puchukaypika shuk uyantinwanmi (ut + uw + ut) awarishka kan. Shinaka, may shimikunapika kallaripi, chawpipi, puchukaypipashmi rikurin.
| Shimi | Ut- uw -ut - |
| wakra humpi pilchi takarpu uturunku chupil kumal yurak |
wak- ra hum- pi pil- chi ta- kar- pu chu- pil ku- mal yu- rak |
2.2.5 Shimikita yupay yachay
Kichwa shimikunataka shukwan, tawka shimikiwan awashpami rimanchik killkanchikpash. Asha shimikunallami chusku yallik shimikita charin, ashtawanka wiñachishka mushuk shimikunami shina rikurin. Shinapash, shimipa sapi, shimikutapashmi charin.
| Sapalla shimikiwan shimikuna | ishkay shimikiwan shimikuna | Kimsa shimikiwan shimikuna | shusku shimikiwan shimikuna | Pichka shimikiwan shimikuna |
| kay chay may pay kan ñan shuk kuy pi ña |
maki aycha kumal aswa yanta kuychi wakra allpa rumi |
muchiku wallinku waranka ushuta atallpa ashanka anaku warutu kapisu milluku |
ayllullakta antayari karuyari antisuyu mamallakta uturunku wakamayu chumpillina pachallina achikyana |
yupaykamayuk killkakamayuk killkanakaspi yanaparishun minkachishunchik yachanamanta mirachishunchik anchuchishunchik kaparishunchik |
Shinapash, kichwata yachak mashikunaka, kay shimitaka mana shimikipi pakinachu kan nishpami yachachinkuna. Chay yuyaywanka manapash kichwa shimitaka shimikipi yupanallachu kan.
Kichwa shimika yaparik shimimi kan, shinaka mana shimikuta pakinalla kakpika ashtawan yachashpami katina kanchik.
2.3 Shimikita sinchichik
Kichwa shimipika puchukay washa shimikipimi samaytaka sinchiyachishpa rimanchik.
Kichwa shimika shimikukunawan awarishpa katishpami yuyaytakun. Shinami shuk sapi yuyay.
Tiyakpika:<allku> chaypimi shuk shimikukunata llutashpa katina kan.
Shina:
Allkumi
allkupachami
allikurukukupachami
Kay ruraymantami sinchichikpash washalla katishpa rin.
Shina:
| rirpu rirpuku rirpukuna rirkunami rirpukunamanta |
shiwi shiwita shiwikuna shiwikunami shiwikunamanta |
Wakinpika, mancharishpa, piñarishpa, kushiyarishpa, tapuykunata mana pakta rimaypimi, sinchichikka, ashtawan washa shimikiman, puchukaymanpash kachashpa rimanchik, shinapash shimi unanchataka mana shuktakyachinchikchu.
Shina:
Kikinka, kanka, ayayay, achachay, ari, mana, kuyankichu, llakinkichu, shamupashun, ñukachu, wañurkankichu, shuyakurkankichu
2.4 Kari warmiyachik
Kichwa shimipi, kari warmikunata rikuchinkapakka mana shimikuta charinchu; chaypak rantika, kari, warmi shimitami, maykan shutikunapa ñawpakpi churashpa rikuchinchik. Shinallatak wankinpika mama, tayta shimiwanpash rimanchik.
Shina:
| kari wawa warmi wawa warmi wakra kari wakra kari atallpa warmi atallpa |
mama Tungurahua tayta Chimborazo tayta inti mama killa mama kucha |
Shinapash maykan yurakunata shutichinkapakka kari, warmi shimiwan rimanchik.
Shina:
Kari chini, warmi chini.
Kari chilka, warmi chilka.
Runapa kikin shutikunata rimashpaka mana kari warmi shimiwan rimanata ushanchikchu, shutikunallatakmi ña kari warmi kashkata rikuchin.
Shina:
Sisa yachachikta
Inti yachachikta
Ayllushutiwan rimashpaka, shinallatak mana kari warmi shimiwan rimanachu kan.
Shina:
Caguana yachachikta kayay.
Paucar kushipatata pushamukriy.
2.5 Tawkachik
Kichwa shimipi achkata rikuchinkapakka –kuna shimikutami shutipa, shutillipa, shutirantipa kuchupi llutachinchik.
Shina:
| Shutiwan | Shutirantiwan | Shutilliwan | |||
| Sapalla | Tawkak | Sapalla | Tawkak | Sapalla | Tawkak |
| wasi llama chata muchiku allku |
wasikuna llamakuna antawakuna muchikukuna allikukuna |
kan pay |
kankuna paykuna |
mushuk hatun uki |
mushukkuna hatunkuna ukikuna |
Yuyayllapitak achkata rikuchikpika mana –kuna shimikuta mutsurinchu.
Shina:
makita mayllay
chakita mayllay
millmata takshay
akchata ñakchay
Shutikunata, shutillikunatapash yupaywan rikuchinkapakka mana – kuna shimikuta churanachu kanchik. Shina:
sukta allku
ishkay warmi.
Shutillikuna ña achkata rikuchikpipash mana –kuna shimikuta churanachu kanchik.
Shina:
achka allku - - wakin wasi
tawka kari - - asha tanta.
Shutikunapi –pura shimiku rikurikpika, –kuna shimikuta mana churanachu kanchik.
Shina:
Mamapura riman.
Wawkipura shamunkichik