Shukniki
Tantachiyachay

1.1 Kichwashimi wiñaykawsay

Kichwa shimika Perú waylla kiwa pampakunapi kawsak runakuna rimashka shimi kashka, chay runakunami Cusco llaktapi kawsak runakunata chinchaysuyu runakunatapash yachachishka.

Chinchaysuyu runakunami kunan Ecuador mamallaktapi Antisuyu, Kuntisuyupi kawsak runakunaman makiruraykunata, mikunakunata katunarayku yachachishka, paykunaka 800 wata manarak español runakuna chayamukpi, kichwa shimitaka kunan Ecuador mamallaktapika churashka.

Español runakunaka inkapak shimi nishpami shutichishkakuna, shina shutika, Domingo de Santo Tomás kamu nishkashinami kan. Paymi 1560 watapi kichwa shimitaka killkay kallarishka, kipaka runa shimi shutiwanmi sakirishka.

Torero shimi amawtaka, inkakuna manarak kunan Ecuador mamallaktaman chayamukpirakmi Kuntisuyu, Antisuyu llaktakunapi kawsak runakunaka, kichwa shimitaka ña rimak kashka ninmi; kutin, Kullasuyupika inkakunami rimak kashka ninmi. (Lucie de Vries, 1988).

Kunan punchakamanka tawka kichwa runakuna, wakin mishukunapash kay shimitaka rimanchik, Ecuador mamallaktapi shuktak hatun mamallaktakunapipash kichwa runapura rimashpa hamutarinakunchik.

1.2 Killkakunata alliyachishkamanta

Ñukanchikpa kichwa shimika, kawsay marka runakunapak sumak shimimi kan. Ñawpa pachakunamantami kay shimika ayllullaktakunapi kawsamushka, shinapash wakin runakunaka, mishukunapa kawsaywan chakrurishka kashkamantaka mana chanishpa kunkarinata yuyakushkakunami.

Kay shimita sumakyachina yuyaywanmi ñukanchikka tukuy sami ruraykunata apakushkanchik, shinami ñawpa watakunaman ña tawka tantanakuykuna tiyashka.

Shukniki tantanakuyka Campamento Nueva Vida wasipimi, 1980 wata, ayriwakilla, 14-18 punchakunapi kashka; kaypika shukshinalla killkanatami yuyarinakushka. Shinami tawka sami kamuta killkashka.

Kipaka, ishkayniki tantanakuymi tiyashka, chay Tabacundo Kitipi, 1998 wata, sitwa killapa 21 punchapimi kashka. Shinallatak sumak yuyarinakuykunawanmi chunka pusak killkakunawan killkanata yuyarishkakuna, kaykuna: a, k, ch, i, j, l, ll, m, n, ñ, p, r, s, sh, t, u, w, y, killkakunami kashka, shinallatak ts, z, killkakunataka kichwapa ñawpa shimikunata killkankapakmi arininakushka. Tawka watakunami kay yuyarinakushkawan killkashpa shamukushkanchik.

Kay punchakunapika, ñukanchikpa shimita ashtawan allichinkapakmi kimsaniki tantanakuyta rurarkanchik.

Shinallatak tawka watakunami, ñukanchikpa shimi kamachikta, wiñachinata munarkanchik, chaymantami, kichwa runakunaka, (Acuerdo Ministerial Nro. 330), Kichwa Kamachik tantariyta wiñachirkanchik. (KAMAK), español shimipika Academia de la Lengua Kichwa (ALKI) shutimi kan.

Punasuyupa iskun markakunamanta (Imbabura, Pichincha, Cotopaxi, Tungurahua, Bolívar, Chimborazo, Cañar, Azuay y Loja), Ishkayshimi Kawsaypura yachaykunata alli apankapakmi ña sarun watakunamanta tawka yachachina hillaykunata rurashpa shamukushkanchik, chay ruraykunapimi shukshinalla killkanata mutsurishkanchik, chaymantami KAMAK ukupi rimanakushpa shuklla yuyayta surkunata munashkanchik.

Shina yuyarishkamantaka, Riobamba kitipi, 2004 wata, pawkar killapa 22 punchamanta 26 punchakaman, KAMAK (Kichwa Kamachik) ukupi kak mashikuna rimanakushkanchik; sapan yachaykanchata pushak mashikuna, markakunapi ishkayshimi, kawsaypura yachaykunata yanapak mashikuna, DINEIB ukumanta mashikuna, wakin yachachik mashikunapash tantarinakushpami kichwa shimimantaka achkata rimanakushkanchik, chaypika, kay yuyaykunatami tantachishpa arinishkanchik.

1.2.1 h/j Killkamanta.

Kichwa shimipi [x], [j], [h], [Ø] uyarikkunawan shimikunataka <h> killkawanmi killkana kan.

Shina yuyarishkata rikushun:

• Abya Yala llaktakunapi kawsak Kichwa runakuna, pakta shuk samishinalla alli killkana kashkamanta.
• Wawakuna, shuktak shimi yachaypi, mana llakita charishpa, utka yachakuchun.
• Ñawpa kamukuna <h> killkawan killkashka kashkamanta.
• Kunan pachapipash, wakin shimi amawtakunaka <h> killkawan kamukunata killkashkamanta.
• Español shimi uyarik, kichwa shimi uyarikwan ama pakta kachun.
• <h> killkaka Kichwa shimipi uyarita charishkamanta,

Shina:

• hatun, humpi, hunta, shuktakkunapash.
• Shuktak mamallakta shimikunapi <h> killkaka [j] uyariyta charishkamanta.

1.2.2 Shukshinalla killkanamanta

Kay allichishkawanka shukshinalla killkashpa katinami mutsurin, shinaka, Tabacundo kitipi, 1998 wata, sitwa killapa 21 punchapi yuyarinakushka killkakunawan killkashpa ñawpakman katinatami yuyarishkanchik, shinapash, 18 kichwa llika killkapimi churashka kan.

Shina:
Uyaywakuna: a, i, u.
Uyantinkuna: k, ch, h, l, ll, m, n, ñ, p, r, s, sh, t, ts, tz, w, y, z.

1.2.3 Ñukanchikpa yachaykunamanta kamak wasikunamanta

Kunanmanta, tukuy kichwa llaktakunapi shukshinalla rimankapak killkankapakpash, pushak wasikunata shinami shutichishkanchik:

1. Ecuador Mamallaktapa Ishkayshimi 2 , Kawsaypura 3 Yachayta Pushakkamay 4 .
2. Markapi Ishkayshimi, Kawsaypura Yachayta Pushakkamay. (Dirección Provincial de Educación Intercultural Bilingüe shuktak markakunapa shutita churanallami kan.

 1.2.4 Mushuk Shimikunata alliyachishkamanta

Yupaykamay, wiñaykawsay, allpamamakamay, pachamamakamay, ukkukuyuykamay yachaykanchakunapami tawka mushuk shimikunata alliyachishkanchik; kaykunaka, hatun yachaykunapi, ñankamukunapi, rikuchikkunapipashmi killkashka kan. Kay shimikunataka markakunapi, ayllullaktakunapi, yachanawasikunapipash alli rimashpa, killkashpami sinchiyachina kanchik. (Kimirishka killka).

Kay tantanakuypi yuyarishkakunaka, 2004 wata, kuski killapa 16 punchapi surkushka 244 yupay pankapi (Acuerdo Ministerial 244) kamachishkami kan. Kay kamachik pankapika, Tabacundo llaktapi yuyarishkakunatapash ari nishkami kan.

Shina kashkamantaka kay killkakunawanmi killkashpa katishun: a, k, ch, i, h, l, ll, m, n, ñ, p, r, s, sh, t, u, w, y, shinallatak, ts, tz, z, killkakunaka kichwapa ñawpa shimikunata killkankapakmi kan.

1.3 Allikaypak mutsurik yuyaykuna

Kichwa shimita alli killkanapakka, kaykunatami yachana kanchik:

a. Kichwapika tukuy shimikunatami puchukay shimikipa washapi tiyak shimipi sinchiyachishpa rimanchik, shina kashkamantaka español shimipi tiyak ‘tilde’ unanchataka mana killkanchikchu.

Shina:
Ñuka, maki, muchiku, antawa, yachanawasi

ch. Kichwa shimipika tapuk unanchakunaka (¿?) mana tiyanchu, chaypak rantika –tak, –chu shimikukunawan, tapuk shutirantikunawapashmi tapunchik.

Shina:

-tak shimikuwan:
Kikinka maypitak kawsankapak rinki.
Pitak wasimanka shamunka.
Payka mashna wawatatak charin.
María mashitak pushamunki.
Paytaka pitak kuyarka.

-chu shimikuwan:
Chay warmichu kantaka kuyan.
Chay warmika kantachu kuyan.
Chay warmika kanta kuyanchu.
Pay wawaka kamuta charinchu.
Kay runaka allichu llankarka.

Shuk shimikipika, ishkay uyaywata tantachishpaka mana killkanachu kan, chaymantami kichwa shimi killkaypika, diptongo, hiato shimiki nishkaka mana tiyanchu.

Diptongo tantariyka ishkay uyaywakuna, shuk paskarishka uyaywa, shuk wichkashka uyaywawan tantarishkami kan, shinapash shuklla uyarimi kan, shinami shua shimika [shua] uyarin, alli kichwata rimakkunaka ishkay shimikiwanmi riman.

Shina: Shu-wa

Hiato, shimipash español shimipika shuk sinchichik aspita charin.

Shina:
María, kay aspika kichwa shimipika mana tiyanchu.

Shina:
Tamya
wayku
tiyu
tawna

h. Wakin shimikuna f, b, p uyantinwan uyarikpika, /p/ killkawanmi killkana kan.

Shina:
puyu
chumpi
pichana
pampa

k. Wakin shimikuna c, g, q, k, uyantinkunawan uyarikpi, rikurikpipash /k/ killkawanmi killkana kan.

Shina:
ñuka
chanka
kuru
muku
manka
urku

L. Wakin shimikuna gu, hu, uyaywakunawan rikurikpika /w/ killkawanmi killkana kan.

Shina:
wawa
wasi
wayusa
wallka
wantu
wantuk
wamra

ll. Wakin shimikuna d, t, uyantinkunawan uyarikpi, rikurikpipash /t/ killkawanmi killkana kan.

Shina:
tanta
panta
tantanakuy
tutamanta
mantana
hunta

m. Wakin shimikuna j, x, h, uyantinkunawan uyarikpi, rikurikpipash /h/ killkawanmi killkana kan.

Shina:
hatun
haku
hampi
humpi
hunta

n. Maypitak /m/, /n/ uyantinkunawanka killkana kan.

Shimi paypak unanchata, mana shimikuta charik kakpika /m/ uyantinwanmi killkana kan.
Shina:
pampa, chumpi, chimpa, humpi

Maykan shimikuna /ra/, /sa/ shimikita puchukaypi charishpaka, paypak ñawpakpi /m/ uyantinwanmi kilkana kan.
Shina:
wamra, kimsa, amsa

Shimi sapi ñawpakpi shimikuta mutsurishpaka /n/ uyantinwanmi killkana kan.
Shina:
kanpak, kikinpak, ñanpi

1.4 Kichwapi mañashka shimiyachay

Maykan kichwa shimikuna ñawpa killkakuna kamachikkunapi ña churashka kakpika, shinallatakmi killkana kan.

Shina:

Español shimimanta mana kashpaka shuktak shimimanta mañashka shimikunataka, paypak shimipi imashina kashkallatatakmi rimana killkanapash kan.

Shina

• Payka Montecristi llaktapi hatun tantanakuytami charishka.
• Ñukanchikka Baños kitipimi kichwa shimitaka allichirkanchik.
• Delia mamaka kichwa shimipi sumaktami riman.
• Ñukapa lima hillayka yapa rukumi kan.
• Ambato llaktapika achka mishki murukunami tiyan.
• Guayaquil llaktapika achka shuwakunami tiyan.
• Colombia mamallaktamanta wakin mashikunaka, Ecuador mamallaktamanmi shamunkuna.

Español shimipi, kikin shutikunapi, shuktak mañashka shimikunapika, mana kichwa shimikuta yapachinallachu kan, chaypak rantika mañashka shimitami shuktak kichwa shimiwan paktachina kanchik.

Shina:

Taxi antawatami hapirkani
kikinpak computadora hillayta mañachiy
Parlante hillayta llamkanapak apamunki
Filmadora hillayta kunkarishkani
José mashika Quito kitimanmi chayashka

Shinapash, mana español shimikunata ashtawan hapishpa rimankapak killkankapakpash mushuk shimikunatami yachashpa katina kanchik.

1.5 Kichwapi -na, -y shimikumanta

Rimaypika, kay yuyaykunashinapashmi rimanchik:

kallariy, puriy, asiy, mikuy, tushuy shimikunaka -n; -y shimikuwanmi killkana kan. Imamanta.

Kaykunamanta:
kallarina > kay shimika chay -na tukurik shimikuwanka shutimi kan
Purina > Kaypash shutillatakmi kan

Imachikkunamanta –na tukurik shimikuta anchuchishpa –y shimikuta churakpika kachachik shimikunami rikurin, shinallatak, shutipashmi tukun.

Shina:

Shina:

Kallariy punchaka sumak yachaymi karka. Kanka yachayta kallariypay.
Kallariy punchapika tukuymi karkanchik.
Pukllaytami ashtawan munani. Paypa asiyka riksinallami.
Chay kuytsaka tushuysikimi kan.